1. __________ range in color from pale yellow to bright orange.

2. ____________of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

3. _________ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere, it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.

4. The Caldecott Medal, __________ for the best children’s picture book, is awarded each January.

5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin __________from the epidermis.

6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, _________ of them are cultivated.

7. Thunder occurs as __________ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide with layers of cooler air.

8. Researchers have long debated ________ Saturn’s moon Titan contains hydrocarbon oceans and lakes.

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds ____________ forebode rain.

10. _________ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.

11. Only when air and water seep through its outer coat ___________.

12. __________ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in an opposite direction in winter than in summer.

13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times as ________ Mount Everest.

14. The flight instructor, _________ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been given.

15. In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho __________ and churning rivers.

16. Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds.

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells.

18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when grains of clay, silt, or sandy settle in river valleys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans.

19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of the heart are about three times that of the atria.

20. The type of jazz known as “swing” was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote and records “it Don’t Mean a Thing If It Ain’t Got That Swing.”

21. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree of differentiation.

22. The neocortex has evolved more recently then other layers of the brain.

23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco products.

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with three molecules of fatty acids.

25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, but they were moved to Richmond.

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or stone or some another irritant accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl oyster.

27. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one-fifth lower than the soprano oboe.

28. In the Milky Way galaxy, the most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604.

29. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relatively small planet.

30. Because of the mobility of Americans today, it is difficult for they to put down real roots.

31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of Washington College, which was later called Washington and Lee.

32. The number of wild horses on Assateague is increasing lately, resulting in overgrazed marsh and dune grasses.

33. Hypnoses was successfully used during World War II to treat battle fatigue.

34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging appendage and regenerate a new appendage to nearly normal size.

35. Humans develop normally twenty primary, or deciduous, teeth and thirty-two permanent ones.

36. The curricula of American public schools are set in individual states; they do not determine by the federal government.

37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travel delivery systems has not made travel schedules less hectic.

38. Balanchine’s plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments, present dance purely as a celebration of the movement of the human body.

39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as silicon crystal is the source of electrician.

40. In early days, hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium chloride with iron sulfate.